Case definition, Aug. 5th, 2008

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Diseases alert based on absolute value

Suspect Cholera

Severe acute watery diarrhoea with severe dehydration in a patient older than five years of age. Confirmed cholera case: isolation of Vibrio cholera O1 or O139 from diarrhoeal stool sample.

Suspect Measles

Fever and maculopapular (i.e. non-vesicular) rash and cough, coryza (i.e. runny nose) or conjunctivitis (i.e. red eyes). Confirm case: presence of measles-specific IgM antibodies.

AFP/Suspect poliomyelitis

Acute flaccid paralysis including Guillain-Barre Syndrome among children aged less than 15 years and all cases of suspected poliomyelitis among persons of any age. Confirm case: laboratory-confirmed wild poliovirus in stool sample.

Suspect meningitis/ encephalitis

Sudden onset of fever (>38.0 ?C) and one of the following: neck stiffness, altered consciousness, other meningeal sign or petechial/purpural rash. In children <1 year, meningitis is suspected when fever is accompanied by a bulging fontanelle, altered consciousness or irritability Confirm case: positive cerebrospinal fluid antigen detection or positive cerebrospinal fluid culture or positive blood culture.

Severe case/death

Severe case or death of unknown etiology from any suspected cause of infectious disease other than 1-10 and HIV.

Influenza A (H1N1) 2009

Diseases alert based on statistical cut-off

Acute Jaundice

Acute onset of yellow eyes or skin and absence of known predisposing factors Suggested diseases: viral hepatitis, leptospirosis

Dengue Infection

Acute onset of fever (less than 7 days) with at least two of the following: headache, pain behind the eyes, myalgia & arthralgia (severe body pain), haemorrhagic signs (purpuric rash, vomiting with blood, cough with blood, blood in stool, epistaxis including tourniquet test positive).

Watery Diarrhea

Passage of 3 or more loose or watery stools in the past 24 hours with or without dehydration.

Acute Bloody Diarrhea

Passage of 3 or more loose or watery stools in the past 24 hours with or without dehydration and with visible blood in the stool.

Confirm case of epidemic bacillary dysentery: isolation of Shigella dysenteria type 1 through stool culture and serology from a suspected case.

Malaria

Positive laboratory test for malaria parasites(blood film or rapid diagnostic test).

Influenza-Like Illness

Summary, 2556